Isolated microspore culture technology of triticale ( × Triticosecale Wittmack)

Abstract

Triticale ( × Triticosecale Wittm.) is a synthetic hybrid of wheat (Triticum) and rye (Secale), it combines valuable traits
of both parental species: high feeding value with low growth requirements. To develop and accelerate the breeding of this feed
crop in Kazakhstan, the use of such a biotechnological method as androgenic technology. Plants- doubled haploids, obtained
from microspores provide the fastest way to obtain homozygous lines. The isolated microspores culture is a more labor-intensive
technology compared to the anther culture and requires the optimization of all factors and conditions at each stage of the
procedure. For the introduction of IMC technology in domestic breeding programs, it is necessary to use already available
protocols and working out critical points directly on the breeding material of triticale. The purpose of this study is to optimize
all stages of the modern method of haploid technology of culture of isolated microspores on the varieties and lines of triticale
of domestic breeding and obtaining dihaploid lines. Isolated microspores culture technology was tested on 6 samples of triticale
(T-434-2, T-968, T-45, Zernokormovoye 5, YATH-18-11, YATH-327-11). The critical points of the protocol have been worked
out. Selected nutrient medium for the induction of embryogenesis (mW14) using which received up to 233 androgenic structures
and 12.2 pcs. green plants on 100 anthers. The process of spontaneous doubling was 23.1%. The combined use (spontaneous
doubling, colchicine treatments) allowed increasing the production of doubled haploids lines to 50.6%. This percentage yield
allows breeders to provide a sufficient number of doubled haploids lines from a single hybrid combination or line.