Biological role of the satellite virus in the development of pathogenesis

Abstract

Modern science has a huge number of viruses. A virus is a small-sized infectious agent that multiplies within the
living cells of other organisms. Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms. They are
found in almost every ecosystem on Earth.
Satellite viruses are subviral agents that are unable to build capsids on their own, their genomes do not contain all the
necessary genes for this. To multiply the virus-satellite it is necessary to infect the host cell with another virus, after which
the virus-satellite, using proteins (enzymes or structural proteins) produced by another virus, causes the host cell to create its
new virions. Some virus-satellites in the process of reproduction partially suppress the production of virions of another virus,
being in fact super-parasites, for which they were called virosophagi (by analogy with bacteriophages). This article presents the
results of a study of the effect of the capsid protein of the satellite panicum mosaic virus (SPMV) on its systemic distribution
and interaction with panicum mosaic virus (PMV).
The work includes a description of the relationship between satellite viruses with helper viruses, methods of replication of
satellite viruses, their properties, the biochemistry of the structure, and the molecular biology of capsid protein functions in
plant infection. In particular, the effect of infection of plants with a wild type and a mutant, with a modified capsid protein of
the SPMV, was considered here. The aim of the study was to study the biosynthesis of CP of SPMV, the translation of its gene
and the effect of CP and 5’-UTR in the infection of SPMV.