Qualıtatıve composıtıon and dynamıcs of soybean varıetıes of varıous ecologıcal groups durıng pre-sowıng treatment wıth trace elements

Abstract

The article presents the results of studies on the effect of trace elements on the qualitative composition and development of varieties of different ecological groups of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). The purpose of the work was to evaluate the effectiveness of various trace elements in the pre-sowing treatment of seeds. The experiments were conducted in 2022-2024 on experimental plots of the department of leguminous crops of the Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture and Crop Production (KSRIACP, Almaty region) in light chestnut, loamy, and rarely sandy loam soils. The study used microelements of balanced complexes (Mo+"B"+"Zn"+"Co"). It was found that the use of trace elements had a positive effect on field germination, physiology, phenology and grain quality indicators. Kazakh (Zhansaya, Ivushka) and North American (Dawson, Supra) ecotypes are the most adaptive and responsive to pre-sowing microelement treatment in the foothill zone of southeastern Kazakhstan (KSRIACP). Treatment with trace elements ensures a steady increase in grain productivity by 16.0–18.0% due to an increase in the mass of 1000 seeds and lacustrine content, as well as increases the protein content of grain by 1.5–2.1%. Thus, pre-sowing treatment with trace elements has shown high efficiency and can be recommended for integrated environmentally friendly soybean cultivation technologies.