Molecular identification and diversity of Aspergillus storage fungi in chickpea seeds from the Akmola region, Kazakhstan

Abstract

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a vital legume whose post-harvest quality is frequently compromised by opportunistic storage fungi, posing both economic losses and potential health risks due to mycotoxin contamination. Despite its agricultural importance, information regarding storage fungi affecting chickpea seeds in Kazakhstan remains limited. This study aimed to isolate and identify Aspergillus species contaminating chickpea seeds cultivated in the Akmola region. Over 200 seed samples representing local agricultural production were evaluated. Initial microbiological analysis and microscopic examination were followed by accurate molecular identification through the amplification sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA. Phylogenetic analysis of the obtained sequences confirmed the presence of two distinct species: Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus. The isolation of these ubiquitous saprophytes indicates significant post-harvest fungal proliferation, likely exacerbated by local climatic factors and storage microclimates. These findings highlight a critical vulnerability in regional post-harvest infrastructure and underscore the necessity for rigorous phytosanitary monitoring. Implementing improved, sustainable storage management strategies is essential to mitigate fungal contamination and ensure the safety of local agricultural commodities.