The Microbiological Aspects of Vermicomposting Organic Waste

Abstract

Altering natural waste into abundant nutrient-rich vermicompost is an ecologically sound and sustainable method known as vermicomposting. Abiotic factors such as feeding material, bedding material, acidity level, temperature, moisture content, and air circulation affect the process. Various microorganisms and earthworms are the key players in the process. However, earthworms are the primary agents of the process, as they increase the microbial populations by fragmenting and ingesting fresh organic matter. The synergistic relationship between earthworms and bacteria is crucial, although Eisenia fetida is the ideal worm for processing various organic wastes such as plant leaf litter, fruit and vegetable waste, animal manure, and municipal solid waste, etc. In short, the literature reviewed showed multiple techniques, including, molecular and culture-dependent analyses, demonstrating that different bacteria are associated with earthworms and organic fertilizers. These bacterial groups include Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and Ammonifers. Organic fertilizers commonly use Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), which contain plant growth hormones, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and "Essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are required for proper growth and development of plants (NPK), and are highly effective in promoting plant growth and development.” Therefore, the contribution of PGPR and nitrogen-fixing bacteria like Azotobacter in producing organic fertilizers is significant for sustainable agriculture practices. In conclusion, "This fertilizer improves soil fertility, while also suppressing harmful phytopathogens and pathogens, ultimately promoting healthy plant growth".